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TAG MT 50: B1 Ruang Untuk Membesar (FEER) By Tom Holland 28/2/2001 7:12 pm Wed |
TAG 050 B1 [Pelabur memang mengimpikan sesuatu yang menjamin masa depan mereka.
Di sinilah Mutual Fund memainkan peranannya cumanya ia perlu bebas dan tidak
dimanipulasi sesiapa, khususnya kerajaan yang ada. Kerajaan seharusnya memberi
sokongan sahaja, jika tidak dana tersebut takkan kemana. Kejayaan Hong Kong
dan Singapura menyebabkan negara lain turut terpesona.
Tetapi pada waktu yang sama corak (trend) ini melambangkan betapa pengurusan
dana awam (Public Fund) yang ada kini memang ada cacat celanya. Mereka tidak
berkhidmat untuk rakyat dalam artikata sebenarnya kerana mereka diketuai oleh
orang pilihan pemerintah belaka. EPF misalnya cuma mampu memberi dividen 6%
sahaja - satu kadar terendah sejak 1975 kerana ia berkhidmat untuk masa depan
pemerintah dan kroni sebenarnya. Ruang Untuk Membesar (Plenty Of Room To Grow) (Bahagian I)
Sedikit demi sedikit, tanpa sebarang kesangsian lagi, wajah pertumbuhan kewangan di
Asia sudah semakin berubah rupa. Bertahun lamanya, penduduk Asia telah memeram
simpanan mereka dalam deposit bank yng mengeluarkan pulangan yang rendah. Apabila
usia ketuaan penduduknya semakin meningkat, para penyimpan akan mengetahui betapa
pulangan yang tidak berpada yang diberikan oleh bank-bank itu tidak mampu menjamin
satu habuan persaraan yng menyelerakan. Program pencen yang ditaja oleh kerajaan
mungkin dapat membantu namun itu pun didapati tidak memuaskan. Semakin ramai penyimpan
dana telah beralih pandang mencari tabung simpanan yang menjanjikan pulangan jangka
panjang yang tinggi. "Perkara ini akan berlaku juga," kata Shiv Taneja, seorang perunding di Cerulli
Associate, yang aktif dalam industri kewangan di London. "Kadar simpanan wang di Asia
adalah tinggi dan kadar purata simpanan di bank adalah memang tinggi. Tetapi
simpanan yang banyak di dalam bank tidak akan menguntungkan para penyimpannya dalam
jangka panjang. Kerana itu industri tabung dana bersama akan naik membangun." Inilah
yang memang diimpikan oleh syarikat pengurusan dana. Buat waktu ini Hongkong
merupakan satu lokasi didalam Asia Tenggara tetapi di luar Jepun yang berbangga
dengan pasaran dana tabung bersama. Tetapi Singapura pun semakin naik dengan giatnya.
Di tempat lain seperti Taiwan dan Korea Selatan memang terdapat industri dana
jenis ini dengan ada sedikit perubahannya. di Thailand dan Malaysia ia merupkan
satu pasaran terbaru yang memberangsangkan. Pasaran yang paling terbesar akan wujud
di China dan kerana itu pihak yang berkuasa sedang merangka satu peraturan untuk
mewujudkan satu industri dana tabung bersama yang berwibawa.
Dengan usaha untuk meniru prestasi Hang Seng Index, Tracker Fund telah menjual
sahamnya dengan diskaun yang menarik untuk memenuhi peraturan psaaran saham. Satu
kempen raksasa telah dilaksanakan di mana 180,000 pelabur runcit telah menempah
penyertaan mereka. Daripada keseluruhan penyumbang itu, antara 70% hingga 80% tidak pernah mempunyai
pengalaman melabur dalam sebarang dana, kata Sandra Lee, ketua jabatan perancang
dan pembangunann JF Funds di Hongkong. "Kami merupakan pengedar utama Tracker Fund.
Ramai orang yang bertemu kami adalah pembeli pertama. Inilah manusia yang tidak pernah
memikirkan mereka sanggup memberikan wang ke pada pihak ketiga, sebelum ini" katanya.
Malahan mereka kerap datang semula, kata Lee yang mencatatkan ramai pembeli
pusingan pertama telah melabur di dana lain pula.
Dana tabung bersama pun semakin popular di Hongkong. Pada bulan Ogos lalu, Persatuan
pelaburan dana Hong kong (Hong Kong Investment Funds Asociation) membuat taksiran
betapa 8% daripada jumlah penduduk dewasa - sekitar 400,000 - membuat pelaburan
dalam tabung dana, termasuk dalam Tracker Fund. Ini merupakan kenaikan sebanyak satu
pertiga berbanding tahun yang lalu.
Tahap penyerapan dana di Hong Kong masih dikira rendah lagi apabila dibandingkan
dengan pasaran lain sperti Britain, di mana terdapat 15% hingga 20% orang dewasa
yang melabur dalam dana, ataupun Amerika Syarikat di mana kadar penerapan
ditaksirkan setinggi 40%. Singapura yang dikira oleh kebanyakan syarikat dana
sebagai pasaran yang kedua tinggi kecanggihannya di rantau ini masih tertinggal jauh ke
belakang lagi. Walaupun kerajaan tempatan telah berusaha membina industri institusi
pengurusan aset di negara itu dengan mendapatkan mandat daripada Pusat Dana
Providen, industri tabung bersama itu masih lagi bersifat di tahap baru membangun
lagi. ....bersambung Rencana Asal: http://www.feer.com/_0103_01/p032.html
Asia's investors need to generate far higher returns on their
savings than they earn today--the sort of returns that only
equity mutual funds can provide. But before mutual funds
can really take off in Asia, there has to be a change of
attitude By Tom Holland/HONG KONG Issue cover-dated March 1, 2001 SLOWLY BUT SURELY, beyond any shadow of a doubt,
the financial landscape of Asia is changing. For years
Asians have salted away their savings in low-yielding
bank deposits. But as populations age, savers will discover
the meagre returns offered by banks cannot secure them a
comfortable retirement. Government-sponsored pension
schemes will help, but by themselves they will be
insufficient. Increasingly, Asia's savers will be forced to
seek higher long-term rates of return.
They could buy stocks, but dabbling in the equity markets
is a dangerous business, especially if your life savings are
at stake. To sleep soundly at night you need to spread your
risk, but few individual investors have the wherewithal to
buy a large enough number of stocks. The only solution is
for savers to pool their resources by buying into
professionally managed collective investment vehicles, or
mutual funds as they are commonly known.
"It has to happen," declares Shiv Taneja, a London-based
consultant at finance-industry research firm Cerulli
Associates. "Asia has very high savings rates and the
average rate of savings in bank deposits is incredibly high.
But bank deposits will not serve investors well in the long
term. That's why the mutual-fund industry has to grow."
It's a prospect that has fund-management companies
salivating. At the moment Hong Kong is the only jurisdiction
in East Asia outside Japan to boast a developed
mutual-fund market but Singapore is fast growing its own.
Elsewhere both Taiwan and South Korea possess sizeable,
if domestically slanted, fund industries, while in Thailand
and Malaysia mutual funds are a promising niche business.
In China, potentially the greatest market of them all, the
authorities are in the process of drafting regulations to
govern the establishment of a credible mutual-fund
industry. Even in Hong Kong, the region's most sophisticated market,
the funds industry has plenty of room to grow. It's only over
the past two years that investment in mutual funds has
really taken off and become a mainstream activity in the
territory. Traditionally Hong Kong's investors stuck their
money away in time deposits, sank it into property or
punted it directly on the territory's notoriously volatile
stockmarket. Fund investment only began to come into its own with the
launch in November 1999 of the Hong Kong Tracker Fund.
The largest mutual fund in Asia by a mile, with assets under
management of $3.5 billion, the Tracker Fund was set up by
Hong Kong's government to divest some of the vast $25
billion stock holding it built up intervening to support the
market during the very depths of the Asian Crisis the
previous year. Designed to mimic the performance of Hong Kong's
benchmark Hang Seng index, units in the Tracker Fund
were sold to the public at a deep discount to their market
value. A mammoth marketing campaign to promote the fund
paid off handsomely when 180,000 retail investors applied
for shares. Crucially, of those subscribers, between 70% and 80% had
never before invested in any fund, says Sandra Lee, head
of strategic planning and brand development at JF Funds in
Hong Kong. "We were a lead distributor on the Tracker
Fund, and the bulk of people we saw then were first- time
buyers; people who had never thought of giving their
money to a third-party manager before," she remembers.
Not only that--they came back for more, says Lee, who
reports that many of those first-time buyers have since
invested in other funds. The launch of the Tracker Fund boosted Hong Kong's
mutual-fund industry enormously, but it wasn't the only
factor encouraging investors to look at funds. The collapse
of the territory's property market helped, directing investors
away from buying apartments and into funds, while the
launch last December of the government's Mandatory
Provident Fund pension scheme highlighted the need for
long-term investments. The territory's banks also played a
role. Faced with the pending dissolution of their cozy
interest-rate cartel, they soon latched onto fund distribution
as an attractive fee-based income and began heavily
promoting mutual funds to their existing customers.
The result has been a rapid rise in the popularity of mutual
funds. Last August the Hong Kong Investment Funds
Association estimated that 8% of the adult
population--over 400,000 people-- held fund
investments, excluding units in the Tracker Fund; a figure
up nearly a third from a year previously.
Even so, the level of fund penetration in Hong Kong
remains low compared with markets like Britain, where
15%-20% of adults invest in funds, or the United States,
where the penetration rate is estimated to be as high as
40%. Singapore, regarded by many fund companies as the
region's second-most-sophisticated market, lags even
further behind. Although the local government has made
strenuous efforts to build an institutional asset-management
industry by outsourcing mandates from its Central Provident
Fund, the mutual-fund industry--essentially a retail
business-- remains in its infancy. Compared with Hong Kong, where the HKIFA estimates that between $35 billion and $45 billion of the $230 billion managed by its members was sourced from Hong Kong investors, amounts raised from Singapore investors are tiny. Nevertheless, Singapore's mutual-fund industry is growing fast. According to analysts at the U.S. investment bank Goldman Sachs, funds under management are likely to hit $8.6 billion (at today's exchange rates) by the end of this year, up from less than $2 billion in 1997. |