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TAG MT 65: Tawaran Gaji Bulanan Pekerja Ladang - Satu Kerja Gila By P. Ramasamy 27/3/2001 8:54 am Tue |
TAG 065 [Membaiki hidup pekerja ladang dengan memberi gaji bulanan
tidak akan dapat menyelesaikan masalah jangka panjang kerana
hasilnya bermusim dan memerlukan kesungguhan. Lagipun perubahan
harga komoditi menyukarkan semua pihak beroleh keuntungan setimpal.
Masalah sebenarnya ialah perencanaan pendidikkan dan meningkatkan
kajian teknik meningkatkan pendapatan dari ladang. Ramai pekerja
ladang Thailand mampu mengecap kemewahan kenapa kita yang berjiran
masih belum menemui jawapan? Sebenarnya ada dalang yang sengaja mahu
pekerja ladang hidup tertekan agar mereka dapat meraih lebih
keuntungan. Jika dalang ini dinyahkan, semua akan dapat melepasi
kemiskinan. Kiriman: MGG Pillai
(A mockery - monthly pay deal for estate workers)
Tawaran sebanyak RM325 sebagai gaji bulanan untuk pekerja ladang
sawit dan pekerja kilang seperti yang termaktub dalam perjanjian
bersama di antara Malaysian Agricultural Producers Association (MAPA)
dan National Union of Plantation Workers (NUPW) nampaknya
memperlekehkan segala sumbangan ribuan pekerja perladangan negara
ini. Mengikut beberapa pegawai pengurusan industri perladangan, para
pekerja memang tidak mendapat apa-apa faedah ataupun tidak meraih
sebarang faedah langsung daripada perjanjian yang dicapai itu.
Malahan para peraih kelapa sawit dan juga pekerja kilang memang
sudah lama mendapat gaji yang lebih besar daripada yang dimetrai
itu sebelum rencana baru itu dipersetujui.
Mengikut zon perkiraan harga RM800-900 yang wujud dalam industri
kelapa sawit, periah (pemotong) buah/tandan sawit diberikan gaji
harian sebanyak RM20 termasuk bonus produktiviti sebanyak RM3 dan
bonus harga sebanyak RM1 setiap hari. Di akhir bulan, para
pemotong buah mendapat gaji purata sekitar RM520 sebulan.
Dalam hal ini, gaji bulanan sebanyak RM325 tidak ada kaitannya
dengan seorang pemotong tandan yang dibayar mengikut zon harga.
Seandainya harga minyak sawit berganda, para pemotong buah
berkemungkinan menerima gaji bulanan yang melebehi RM1,000.
Begitu juga, mengikut pandangan beberapa pengurus kilang, gaji purata
seorang pekerja kilang adalah sekitar RM17.50 termasuk beberapa
insentif yang diberikan kepada pemotong tandan. Sebgai kadar
bulanan, seorang pekerja kilang mendapat gaji sebanyak RM450 yang
merupakan lebih tinggi lagi dariapada yang termatrai.
Memanglah tidak semua pekerja kilang tertakluk kepada skim gaji
bulanan seperti ini. Ia dikhaskan kepada pekerja kilang di
peringkat bawahan sekali. Pekerja kilang di gred atasan mempunyai
skim gaji yang lebih tinggi yang mereka nikmati untuk satu tempoh
yang panjang. Pendapatan Yang Lebih Baik Oleh kerana pemotong tandan dan para pekerja kilang sudah pun
mendapat gaji yang lebih baik daripada yang baru sahaja
dimetraikan, adalah tidak masuk akal apabila pihak majikan dan
persatuan pekerja menandatangani perjanjian yang baru itu. Nampaknya
skim terbaru itu bertujuan untuk melindungi para pekerja yang
mendapat pendapatan kurang daripada RM325 sebulan. Kalau bertepatan
jangkaan ini bererti para majikan hanya perlu menaikan sahaja gred
setiap pekerja untuk melayakkan mereka mendapat gaji yang ditahapkan
itu. Tetapi ada satu muslihat di sebalik tawaran itu. Ia memberi syarat
bahawa seseorang itu layak menerima gaji bulanan sebanyak RM325
kalau dia bekerja pada setiap hari kerja ditawarkan dan
melaksanakan tugas itu dengan sempurna. Memanglah amat jarang sekali
para pekerja tidak dapat mencapai tahap gaji ini sambil
melayakkannya mencapai gaji yang ditetapkan.
Hanya mereka yang tidak hadir disebabkan alasan kesihatan yang
layak dipertimbangkan gaji bulanan dengan syarat gaji bulanannya itu
berada lebih rendah dari RM325. Memang tidak mudah untuk sesaorang
pekerja itu gagal memenuhi syarat itu melainkan dia gagal memenuhi
syarat bekerja yang dikenakan. Kalau ini berlaku, pihak pengurusan
tidak perlu membayar mengikut kadar gaji bulanan dan boleh
menyingkirkan pekerja demikian. Untuk kadar gaji bulanan terbaru itu membawa sebarang makna, harga
sawit mestilah jatuh di bawah paras harga RM400 se ton. Di ketika
itu skim gajian ini memang boleh diamalkan kepada para pekerja
kerana pendapatan mereka akan jatuh di bawah paras gaji bulanan
RM325. Tetapi, kalau harga sawit jatuh ke bawah paras rujukan ini
besar kemungkinnanya industri kelapa sawit itu akan lumpuh untuk
diteruskan di negara ini. Dalam hal begini, tidak ada gunanya lagi
skim bayaran gaji itu. Namun, di sebalik semua itu, sistem gaji bulanan yang ada yang
dikatakan disediakan oleh pakar-pakar di Universiti Malaya memang
didapati tidak berguna kepada ribuan pekerja perladangan di negara
ini. Inilah yang malangnya, kerana ia sudah menjadi satu keaiban yang
memperlekehkan pengorbanan dan kerja kuat para warga perladangan.
Beberapa pakar perladangan berpendapat bahawa pablisiti yang diberikan
terhadap isu gaji bulanan itu telah melencongkan perbincangan
mengenai beberapa isu yang lebih besar dan penting lagi yang dapat
menyumbang terhadap kemajuan dan pembangunan cara hidup warga
perladangan itu yang sebenarnya.
Sebagai contoh, usaha memperbaiki sekolah-sekolah Tamil memerlukan
tindakan kerajaan untuk mengambilalih pengurusan sekolah-sekolah Tamil
yang masih wujud di tapak swasta. Begitu juga dengan kemudahan
pengangkutan untuk anak-anak sekolah, cadangan melaksanakan skim
perumahan, penekanan terhadap pembangunan taraf hidup pekerja dan
lainnya, belum pernah diusahakan oleh agensi yang berkenaan.
Nampaknya, segala lambang yang dikaitkan dengan cara memperkenalkan
gaji bulanan itu telah memberikan kemenangan besar yang tidak
berbaloi kepada beberapa pihak seperti MIC, NUPW dan juga
kerajaan. Lambat-laun, konsep pengenalan gaji bulaan yang
digembar-gemburkan itu tidak akan memberi kesan terhadap
memperbaikki keadaan warga kerja industri perladangan negara ini.
Rencana Asal: malaysiakini 23 March 01 A mockery - monthly pay deal for estate workers
P Ramasamy 2:31pm, Fri: The anxiously awaited introduction of monthly
wage for estate workers seems to offer little material
incentives for their advancement. The offer of RM325 as a monthly wage for oil palm harvesters
and mill workers as provided for in the recent collective
agreement between the Malaysian Agriculture Producers
Association (Mapa) and the National Union of Plantation
Workers (NUPW) seems to make mockery of the contribution of
thousands of plantation workers in the country.
According to some management personnel of the plantation
industry, workers have in fact gained very little or nothing
by the recent introduction. In fact, oil palm harvesters and
mill workers were already earning more than this before the
introduction of the scheme. Under the present price zone of RM800-900 in the oil palm
industry, harvesters will be getting about RM20 per day
which includes productivity bonus of RM3 and price bonus of
RM1 per day. So at the end of month, harvesters will be
receiving an average salary of about RM520 per month.
In this respect, the monthly wage of RM325 is not applicable
to an average oil palm harvester under the present price
zone. If the price of oil palm doubles, harvesters will tend
to get a monthly salary of slightly more than RM1,000.
Similarly, according to some mill managers, the average wage
of a ordinary mill worker is about RM17.50 with inclusion of
some incentives like the harvesters. On a monthly basis, a
mill workers will obtain a wage of about RM450, far above
the monthly wage that has been stipulated.
Of course, not all mill workers are covered under this
monthly wage scheme, it merely meant for mill workers in the
lower category. Mill workers in the high grades already are
on monthly wage under a different scheme enjoyed over the
years. Better wages Since oil palm harvesters and mill workers are already
receiving better wages than the present one stipulated, it
makes no sense why employers and the union should agree to
this particular scheme. It appears that this present scheme
seems more geared to cover workers in the above two
categories that earn a salary less than RM325. If this is
the case, then the management will merely upgrade their
salary to this particular mark. But then there is catch in the collective agreement which
states that the monthly wage of RM325 will only be paid to
those ?who turn up for work on all days on which work is
offered by management and who satisfactorily complete the
full duties allotted.? There are only rare instances in
which harvesters and mill workers will earn below the
monthly wage mark and still be qualified to obtain this
wage. Only those who do not come to work on medical grounds will
be entitled to the monthly wage on the grounds that their
total salary will be below RM325. But there is no way for
wages for harvesters and mill workers to fall below this
mark unless of course they do not fulfill the obligations of
management by not turning up for work as required. Under
this circumstances, the management will not pay them the
monthly wage, but they will get the sack.
For the present monthly wage to make sense, the price of oil
palm must really fall below the RM400 tonne mark. Then it is
possible for this particular scheme to come to the rescue of
workers since the their total earning might fall below the
RM325 mark. But if the oil palm price drops to this level,
there is a real possibility that the oil palm industry as
whole might not be viable enough economically to be
continued in the country. So in this respect, there is no
use for the monthly wage scheme. Issue sidetracked It is rather strange, why in the first instance, that the
union that supposedly represents plantation workers would
agree to this meaningless scheme. Beyond this, why the union
did not push this scheme to cover general workers and rubber
tappers is not very clear. Since these two categories of
works are the most lowly paid in the plantation industry,
the introduction of monthly wage could have stabilised their
income to a limited extent. However, beyond this, the present monthly wage system
supposedly prepared by some experts in Universiti Malaya is
of no use to thousands of plantation workers in the country.
Sad to say, it makes a mockery of the sacrifice and hard
work put in by plantation workers. Some experts on plantations are of the opinion that present
publicity given to the monthly wage issue has sidetracked
the discussion and resolution of other important aspects
that are more meaningful for the improvement of lives of
plantation workers. For instance, the improvement of Tamil schools, the
necessity of the government to take over Tamil schools
situated in private lands, providing transport facilities
for school children, pushing for the implementation of the
house ownership scheme, insisting on substantial material
improvement for workers and others have not been adequately
addressed by the relevant agencies. It looks as though that the mere symbolism associated with
the introduction of monthly wage has provided a pyrrhic
victory to parties such as the MIC, the NUPW and the
government. But then, it will realised sooner than later,
the concept of monthly wage that has been introduced will
have no impact on improving the material conditions of the
working class in plantations. -- P RAMASAMY is a professor of political economy at the Political Science Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and has academic interests in Malaysian politics and labour. He has written quite extensively and is currently focusing on conflict management in Sri Lanka. Last modified: Friday March 23, 2:39 pm
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